Electric relay or repeater.



LA. NATHANS.

' ELECTRIC RELAY 0R REPETER.

vA PPUCANON FILED JULY 25,1901.4

LEE@ 1.1111154 13155-1 Dlfl' .1157

IV 2f A. NATHANS, OF NEW YORK, N. 'Y.

` ELEG'TltC4 RELAY QR REPEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patent@ el Aug.. gli, 1915i;

Application filed-July 2'5, 1907. Serial No, 35,443.

A; NATHANS, llc 'United States, residing `at ne county of New .York and vcrlr, have invented .certain seul improvements iif 'Electric ,lient-alters, 'of which theqfollowl ril., clear, and exactspecicatlon.

ation yrelates to improvements 1n c relays, or repeaters, and to an 1m- 1J electric currents.

' litho gli my invention is particularly Well adapted tor telephone lsystems, it may be applied to various other devices and apparatu such as tophonograplis, the teleim, wireless telegraphy, etc.

object of my invention is to produce i reveil method ci operating relays and ation otrelays Which will be very 3 and accurately reproduce, or amdesired the variations in the prinery circuit.

A further object of my invention is to produce a repeater in which' parts having mechanical inertia in operation Will be eliminated. The presence of mechanically moving parts in telephone repeaters is decidedly.

obiec able not only on account of the fre- `quent inspection, adjustment and repair which is. necessary, butV also on account of their inefticiency and failureto reproduce currents Without material distortion or avoid what is commonly known as singing. My invention overcomes these objections, and other disadvantages of such repeaters and at the same time I obtain a construction which is simple, durable and which requires only slight occasional inspection.

ln carrying out my invention, l subject a lmaterial to the influence of current iiuctuations in the primary or transmitting circuit, and all'ect the resistance of such material in accordance -with variations of current in the primary circuit. This, material consequently ati'ccts the current in its circuit by reason oft variation ot its resistance.

'allied olii reproducing or amplify# Tlie ciu'rent liuctuations may thereby be repro` tremely sensitive in resistance to the intiuence of varying currents. From, various eX- periments I have made and various practical tests, I believe the changeA in resistance of the magnetite is due to variation in temperature of the material When subjected to the heat varying inuences of the varying currents. 4

My invention will be understood from the following description and accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a diagram illustrating my in-A vention generallyvvith reference to aprimary and secondary circuit; liig. 2 illusn trates my invention diagrammatically; and I as. applied to a single circuit; Figs. 3 to 7 are diagrams showing various forms of connection .of thesensitive resistance material andcircuits; Fig. 8 isa diagram showing my" invention used as a repeater in a two- Way'te'l'ephone circuit; Fig. 9 is a diagram showing my invention applied as a relay in a long distance telephone system; Fig. l() is a' diagram similar to Fie'. 9, except that the usual operators cord circuits are replaced by means embodying my invention; and Fig. 11 is a plan view of a simple form of `unit embodying the sensitive resistance material and heating coil.

Referring to Fig. l, a translating device of any desired form is shown-at l, in circuit with a source of current 2. The circuit inchicles a coil 4, which surrounds a material 3. This material may be of magnetite or any other substance or composition which is sensitive in change of resistance to the inluence of current iiuctuations in the coil e'. The material?) may be in the formv of a solid piece or finely divided and incased in a tube,

or may be in any other'suitable form. This material is shown in Fig. l as connected in series with the secondary circuit 5 containingza: source of current 6 and the receiving yappavatus 7 of any desirable form. In orloo are

ment and relationof the parts.- With theparts so related and adjusted as to amplify the fiuctuations, the invention becomes .of great advantage When-used as a relay or repeater in telephone circuits, and inanalogous arts.v As above stated, Iloelieie this change in resistance Omaterial 3 is due to instantaneous change in the temperature thereof in accordance with the cui-rent fluctuations in the primary circuit. The fluctuations in current which are thus reproduced in the secondary circuit will affect the receiving apparatus correspondingly, as is well understood.

In Fig. 2 only one circuit is illustrated, and in this case the sensitive resistance material 3 is shown connected in series with the transmitting device l, receiving apparatus 7 and source 2. In this arrangement the sensitive resistance material may serve to amplify the current fluctuations. which `fluctuations are originally produced by the transmitting device. Then the transmitting de vice is used, current fluctuations are created in the circuit as is well understood. These fluctuating currents, however', in passing through the sensitive resistance material 3 will cause instantaneous variationv in temperature of this material which will vary in resistance accordingly. This change of resistance will therefore take place in synchronisin. or at least in practical synchronisni, with the current fluctuations produced by the transmitting device and may there fore serve to greatly amplify the current fluctuations, and so increase the action ot or e'l'ect upon the receiving apparatus. 0f course the relations of the Various parts will control the eli'ect produced` and any suitable forni, means or method' of' adjustment may be resorted to to secure the best relationships to produce the particular object in Lviews If Vit be desired to have the resistance of the sensitive material low, and to have comparatively large How of current, the cross section of the sensitive material may be ot' course increased, or several such resistanccs may be connected in vparallel as indicatcdjin Fig. 3. The current may of course be decreased by connectingr the sensitive resistances in series as shown in Fig. 4.

In Fig.' 5, the sensitive resistanccs are shown connected inl parallel, and the heatingcoils ot a primary circuit are shown conn nected in parallel.

In I" g. 6, the resistances are shown connected in series and the 'heating coils also connected in series.

In Fig. 7, the resistancesare shown connected in parallel and the heating coils in series, and it is evident that variousotlier,

combinations may be made as desired.

In Fig. 8, my invention is shown apphed to a two-way telephone circuit. It 1s common practice to use repeating coils in the op erators cord circuits, or trunk circuits in common battery, or central energy telephone exchanges, etc. In Fig. 8 such repeating coils are replaced. by repeaters embodying my invention. A common battery is shown at 9, andin series therewith at opposite ter-- minals are shown connected the v sensitive re'sistances 3, 3. From the upperA terminal of' the battery extends a connection to the coil or winding Ll surrounding the resistance 3 and from this coil a coniiection'extends to the distant station at the right. From the lower terminal of the battery a connection is made to the Winding oi' coil Ll' which sur-i rounds the resistance 3,fand from thm-3 coil a connection extends to a distant station at the left. A terminal of resistance 1s connected to the station at the left and a terminal of resistance 3' extends to the distant station at the right, as shown. The apparatus at the two stations is shown as comprising the transmitters l0, l0', the receivers 11, 11.', the call bells 12, '12', the con `ensers 13, 13', the instrument induction c s i4, 14', andthe receiver hooks 14, la. '.ihe conncctions are shownas having been` completed and in c mdition for talking between the' two stations. Starting from the transmitter 10, the fluctuations in current created-thereby will traverse the following circuit z-from 4the lower' terminal of battery S) through the coil 4', transmitter 10, through one of the contacts made by hook. 14, through one element of induction coil 14, thence through the sensitive resistance 3 to the upper termina'l of the battery 9, and thence through the battery to the other' terminal. The resistance 2l in this circuit inav serve to amphiy the fluctuations as referred to in connection with Fig. 2. The fluctuations in this circuit will he reproduced in the circuit oxtending to the right hand station by the iop JCI

1 0', through coil 4 midtnen to battery 9. The fluctuating currents ytinmigli 'the cir cuit described areintrodne'd by the induetion coil MDM the local circuit containing' the receiver 1l.vl1iel1`locel circuit is lows z-i'roni one v element of the inilnotion Coil, to receiver. 11', through condenservv 152i', transmitter 10, through receiver hooks, beck to tliesnid element of tne induction ooi. it

will therefore be 'seen that the lnctnetions impressed.' by the "transmitter l@ will tie transmitted to the receiver the 1 bend siation, 'and my invention serves is s re- .tuut-line. lt Will'be seen 'filmt-When the transmitter 1U is in operetionlefuctustions will be transmitted to receiver 511 in e eorresponding manner, and vthe circuits being similar they need -notbe particularly described.

.In Fig. i); l have shown my invention up plied to a' tfvvmway long distance telephone system, the connections being shown eenipleted for conversation between the two sts tions. In this ligure the apparatus 'et the two stations and their` cennecticns are 'the seme as described. with reference to Fig. 8; also the forni of two-Way repeater or relay shown es loceted'in the middle of the fignre is the same form as shown in Fig. 8, and lis relay Willbe located at any suitable point between the two distant stations'. il have shown the usual cireuitsv of opere-.tofs cords ceniprising the battery l5 end repentingr ooil-Y elements 16. I have also shown 17, 1 7, tbe usuel repeating coil elements 'for taking the battery on'E the line. The distance lines then extend to the ordinary repeating coil elements 18 for the piirpose the corresponding `repeating coil elements 18', the long distance line, the repeating soil eleinents 17. and the corresponding battery 15 :and repeating coil elements 16 of the operators cireuits.- The opergtio'n of such a. system will be understood by tliose'gskiiieii in the art, and the action 0f my' improved relayer repeater Will be understood from the foregoing description.

In Fig. 10. l have shown the system oi? Fig. 9 excepting the opemtors cord circuits which are replaced by repeaters' embodying my invention. That is, the battery l5 and repeating,r coil elements 1G, and the bester'v lf'nnd repeating coil elements 16 of Fig. 9 are replaced by repeating ammi-ritos and connections of the forni shown in 5S. Thus, in Fig. 10. I have not onlv shown 'the long' distance relay' :is embodying 'my inven tion, but l have shown the opei'etoi"s e circuits :is also embodying inv inventxm.

sind the action therein is similar to ilnit si ready described.

Fig. 11 shows e convenient fermoir' construction of the sensitive resistance 3 er 3 'stance in response to and the ynesting; ooiis or -i-. The sensitive is slioivn provided with the terminals 19. l et *lie ene s. thereof-in the oiin of inetallie bands or collars which may ne eiectrolytiesiiv deposited on the material,

and 'the tern :mls of ie heating' coil are rorin of snnizir ineshown :it 20, 521i" Tins unit is thus in 'milio or eea eil il. oups oi the oir/nits nee iieetir i which the-sensitive eoii ere to be oonrronnectiens may be although i have A nlied torteleplione one application, it

't mail be applied to ind. apparatus. it will 'ne forni of the serv the manner in associ ated systems, and the l arranged. shown inv ini l systems as en i. will be nndersi' rions other de also be iiniierstoo i'i'liicii the beating coil ma);

therewith, snsoe'otibie of various inodileeu L be piaceri in terminal tions. instead of using n'iaggnetie es the"- sensiii e insite nl. it will be understood other sof i lili? sensitive to pioi'ince the results that zii tion applied to de source of ne rorins of ernvmivsng heet source l independe feriale :n in lient ibo sensitive stance inet' :isi may be subjected. The change res'a, :inse in accordance itli the lient variation ni i fi so piodiice eurrentinctu ance with the lientjvuetnetions. i l "f i f Hen/ing" ,time described. niv inventiom4 l drlare that Wlnit claim :is new and desire io see-ure ,by Airieters etentis, in aitelepbone svsein. e relay comprisi in eeinb havin.; bezitii ineens. secondary circuit,

and e ibs 'snee containing meg'netite in opeieiie Titien with een? i'ieeilinfz means 'for coni.:v the condo tivitjv of" said subincions of the, eurient in ille 'trensmiiiz 'j eiieiiit.

2. ln s. telen systen'i, n relay comprisA ing in conm` nir the transmitted telephonie curinto neat energy. sn clement constioi n'iugiistiteI in operative relation With ses. n derii d circuit eleetrically inby said eiement. and e source of v. seid seni-ce und said elen e telephone transmitter the Combination A transmitting circuit on a. circuit having means :.,inecteii in seriesin said dence may' be used which tion of a sending circuit; a receiver and a yconducting element composed of a metallic 4; In a telephone transmitter theV combination of a sending circuitga receiver and a conducting` element composed of a metallic oxid included in said circuit; means for raising said element to, any desired temperature comprisinga heating circuit provided With a coil in proximity to said element; a. telephone transmitter in said 'heating cirenit; means to actuate the same from a distant station; and means to control the current throgh said coil, substantially as described.'

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature,

in presence of two Witnesses.

THOMAS A. NATHANS.-

' I Witnesses:

L. K. SAGER,

GEO. A. HOFFMAN, 

